Flora
The park is lying entirely in dry zone although the parks southern boundary borders on the intermediate zone. The climax community of the area is tropical dry mixed evergreen forests characterized by Drypetes sepiaria, Chloroxylon swietenia, Manilkara hexandra, Pterospermum canescens, Wood apple Feronia limonia, Cassia fistula, and Dimorphocalyx glabellus. However a majority portion of the forests within the park had been severely exploited previously for shifting cultivation. This has effected in secondary forests and vast stretches of open plains dominated by grasses. The herbaceous stage is succeeded by shrubs and the thicket stage is characterized by Trema rientalis. Among the first trees to appear is Pterospermum canescens, Drypetes sepiaria, and Manilkara hexandra. Maduru Oya Dam is surrounded by parkland, kept by periodic fires. Number of woody plants occurs around the reservoir. A rare and endemic tree Vatica obscura, the only Dipterocarpaceae species to occur in the dry zone, is found in limited locations on the banks of the Maduru Oya and Gallodai Aru. Exotic teak Tectona grandis is included in the north-eastern region of the park.
Founa
The importance of the park's fauna species is its richness, which includes a number of endemic species. Threatened mammal species include elephant Elephas maximus, of which there were 150-200 before the establishment of the park, Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus, leopard Panthera pardus, and Water Buffalo Bubalus bubalis. A recent study in 2007 shows that the current elephant population is still estimates around 150-200. Other mammals are Toque Monkey Macaca sinica, Common Langur Presbytis entellus, jackal Canis aureus, Fishing Cat felis viverrina, wild boar Sus scrofa, Indian Muntjac Muntiacus muntjak, spotted deer Cervus axis, and sambar C. unicolor. Smalls mammals include Porcupine Hystrix indica, Black-naped Hare Lepus nigricollis, Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata, squirrels, rats and mice. European Otter Lutra lutra is also has been reported from park. Maduru Oya National Park is one of the recorded habitats of the Grey Slender Loris Loris lydekkerianus.
The park's diverse aquatic avifauna includes Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster, Grey Pelican Pelecanus philippensis, Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo , and Little Cormorant P. niger. Notable forest species are endemic Sri Lanka Junglefowl Gallus lafayetii, the rare Broad-billed Roller Eurystomus glaucurus (possibly the only dry zone haunt), Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius, Shama Copsychus malabaricus, Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus, and Woodpecker Dendrocopos nanus. Endemic Red-faced Malkoha Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus is also occurs. The reservoirs harbors several species of bird flocks including Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster, Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis, Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans, Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, and Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia.
Park reptiles include Geochelone elegans, Common Monitor Varanus bengalensis, Water monitor Varanus salvator, black-tailed python Python molurus, krait Bungarus spp., common cobra Naja naja, Mugger crocodile Crocodylus palustris, and estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus.Other reptiles associated with aquatic habits are Indian Black Turtle Melanochelys trijuga and Indian Flap-shelled Turtle Lissemys punctata. Of fishes barbs barbus spp., Giant gourami Osphronemus goramy, Snakeheads Channa spp., Catfish (Siluriformes) and exotic tilapia Tilapia mossambica are the predominant in the reservoirs.
|